## Summary Pure performance optimizations to the attack/conquer/cluster hot paths in `src/core`, driven by the full-game perf harness from #4228. **No behavior change**: the final game-state hash is identical before/after on every config tested — world quick run (2 different seeds), giantworldmap, and the default 1800-tick run. ### Changes - **Flat-arithmetic neighbor iteration**: `forEachNeighbor` / `forEachNeighborWithDiag` / `isBorder` / `isOceanShore` are now implemented inside `GameMapImpl` using raw `ref±1` / `ref±width` index math, skipping the per-neighbor `ref()` coordinate validation (`Number.isInteger` etc.). `GameImpl` and `GameView` delegate. - **New `neighbors4(ref, out)`**: zero-allocation, callback-free neighbor query for hot loops (W, E, N, S — same order as `forEachNeighbor`). - **`AttackExecution`**: the per-tile closures in `tick()` / `addNeighbors()` are replaced with reusable neighbor buffers, a cached `GameMap` reference, and integer `smallID()` owner comparisons instead of owner-object lookups. - **`GameImpl`**: the per-conquer `updateBorders` closure is hoisted to a method with a reusable buffer; `removeInactiveExecutions` compacts the executions array in place instead of allocating a new ~4200-element array every tick. - **`PlayerExecution`**: `surroundedBySamePlayer` / `isSurrounded` / `getCapturingPlayer` de-closured (`neighbors4` + integer compares; neighbor visit order preserved, so `getCapturingPlayer`'s Map-insertion-order tie-breaking is unchanged); flood-fill visit closure hoisted out of the while loop. - **`FlatBinaryHeap.dequeue`**: returns the tile directly instead of allocating a `[tile, priority]` tuple per dequeued tile (AttackExecution is the only caller). ### Performance (`npm run perf:game`, same machine, before → after) | run | mean tick | ticks/sec | max tick | |---|---|---|---| | default (world, 400 bots, 1800 ticks) | 9.04 → **7.98 ms** | 111 → **125** | 31.7 → 35.7 ms | | giantworldmap, 600 ticks | 22.5 → **17.4 ms** | 44 → **58** | 52.8 → **36.2 ms** | The giantworldmap tail improvement (max tick −31%) is the most relevant for the 100 ms tick budget. ### Determinism verification Identical `Final hash` before and after on all configs: | config | hash | |---|---| | `--map world --ticks 200 --bots 100` | `5455008589403520` | | same + `--seed second-seed-check` | `5580840142777488` | | `--map giantworldmap --ticks 600` | `37373734953428430` | | default run | `26773450321979388` | ### Tests - New `tests/NeighborIteration.test.ts` pins the exact neighbor iteration orders (W,E,N,S cardinal; dx-major diagonal — conquest order and RNG consumption depend on them) and conquer/border-tile invariants checked mid-battle. - New `tests/FlatBinaryHeap.test.ts` covers heap ordering, clear, and growth. - Full suite passes (122 files / 1386 tests + server tests); lint and prettier clean. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
OpenFront.io is an online real-time strategy game focused on territorial control and alliance building. Players compete to expand their territory, build structures, and form strategic alliances in various maps based on real-world geography.
This is a fork/rewrite of WarFront.io. Credit to https://github.com/WarFrontIO.
License
OpenFront source code is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0
Current copyright notices appear in:
- Footer: "© OpenFront and Contributors"
- Loading screen: "© OpenFront and Contributors"
Modified versions must preserve these notices in reasonably visible locations.
See the LICENSE for complete requirements.
For asset licensing, see LICENSE-ASSETS.
For license history, see LICENSING.md.
🌟 Features
- Real-time Strategy Gameplay: Expand your territory and engage in strategic battles
- Alliance System: Form alliances with other players for mutual defense
- Multiple Maps: Play across various geographical regions including Europe, Asia, Africa, and more
- Resource Management: Balance your expansion with defensive capabilities
- Cross-platform: Play in any modern web browser
📋 Prerequisites
- npm (v10.9.2 or higher)
- A modern web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.)
🚀 Installation
-
Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/openfrontio/OpenFrontIO.git cd OpenFrontIO -
Install dependencies
npm run instDo NOT use
npm installnornpm ibut instead use ournpm run inst. It runs the safernpm ci --ignore-scriptsto install dependencies exactly according to the versions inpackage-lock.jsonand doesn't run scripts. This can prevent being hit by a supply chain attack.
🎮 Running the Game
Development Mode
Run both the client and server in development mode with live reloading:
npm run dev
This will:
- Start the webpack dev server for the client
- Launch the game server with development settings
- Open the game in your default browser (to disable this behavior, set
SKIP_BROWSER_OPEN=truein your environment)
Client Only
To run just the client with hot reloading:
npm run start:client
Server Only
To run just the server with development settings:
npm run start:server-dev
Connecting to staging or production backends
Sometimes it's useful to connect to production servers when replaying a game, testing user profiles, purchases, or login flow.
To replay a production game, make sure you're on the same commit that the game you want to replay was executed on, you can find the
gitCommitvalue viahttps://api.openfront.io/game/[gameId]. Unfinished games cannot be replayed on localhost.
To connect to staging api servers:
npm run dev:staging
To connect to production api servers:
npm run dev:prod
🛠️ Development Tools
-
Format code:
npm run format -
Lint code:
npm run lint -
Lint and fix code:
npm run lint:fix -
Testing
npm test
🏗️ Project Structure
/src/client- Frontend game client/src/core- Deterministic game simulation/src/server- Backend game server/resources- Static assets (images, maps, etc.)
🤝 Contributing
Contributions and translations are welcome! See CONTRIBUTING.md for the workflow, the approved-issue process, project governance, and translation info.