diff --git a/src/client/graphics/GameRenderer.ts b/src/client/graphics/GameRenderer.ts
index 4b000e8a9..8e336b311 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/GameRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/GameRenderer.ts
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ export class GameRenderer {
 
     if (this.backlogTurns > 0) {
       const BASE_FPS = 60;
-      const MIN_FPS = 10;
+      const MIN_FPS = 30;
       const BACKLOG_MAX_TURNS = 50;
 
       const scale = Math.min(1, this.backlogTurns / BACKLOG_MAX_TURNS);
@@ -426,8 +426,11 @@ export class GameRenderer {
 
       const layerStart = FrameProfiler.start();
       layer.renderLayer?.(this.context);
-      const name = layer.constructor?.name ?? "UnknownLayer";
-      FrameProfiler.end(name, layerStart);
+      const profileName =
+        (layer as any).profileName?.() ??
+        layer.constructor?.name ??
+        "UnknownLayer";
+      FrameProfiler.end(profileName, layerStart);
     }
     handleTransformState(false, isTransformActive); // Ensure context is clean after rendering
     this.transformHandler.resetChanged();
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/Layer.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/Layer.ts
index 239937435..16bd67f50 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/Layer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/Layer.ts
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ export interface Layer {
   renderLayer?: (context: CanvasRenderingContext2D) => void;
   shouldTransform?: () => boolean;
   redraw?: () => void;
+  profileName?: () => string;
 }
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
index 9de266173..7b7140f41 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ import {
 import { TerritoryWebGLRenderer } from "./TerritoryWebGLRenderer";
 
 export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
+  profileName(): string {
+    return "TerritoryLayer:renderLayer";
+  }
+
   private userSettings: UserSettings;
   private borderAnimTime = 0;
 
@@ -92,6 +96,7 @@ export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
   }
 
   tick() {
+    const tickProfile = FrameProfiler.start();
     if (this.game.inSpawnPhase()) {
       this.spawnHighlight();
     }
@@ -188,6 +193,7 @@ export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
     if (currentMyPlayer !== this.lastMyPlayerSmallId) {
       this.redraw();
     }
+    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:tick", tickProfile);
   }
 
   private spawnHighlight() {
@@ -537,10 +543,17 @@ export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
       return;
     }
     let numToRender = Math.floor(this.tileToRenderQueue.size() / 10);
-    if (numToRender === 0 || this.game.inSpawnPhase()) {
+    if (
+      numToRender === 0 ||
+      this.game.inSpawnPhase() ||
+      this.territoryRenderer.isWebGL()
+    ) {
       numToRender = this.tileToRenderQueue.size();
     }
 
+    const useNeighborPaint = !(this.territoryRenderer?.isWebGL() ?? false);
+    const neighborsToPaint: TileRef[] = [];
+    const mainSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
     while (numToRender > 0) {
       numToRender--;
 
@@ -551,9 +564,24 @@ export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
 
       const tile = entry.tile;
       this.paintTerritory(tile);
-      for (const neighbor of this.game.neighbors(tile)) {
+
+      if (useNeighborPaint) {
+        for (const neighbor of this.game.neighbors(tile)) {
+          neighborsToPaint.push(neighbor);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:renderTerritory.mainPaint", mainSpan);
+
+    if (useNeighborPaint && neighborsToPaint.length > 0) {
+      const neighborSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
+      for (const neighbor of neighborsToPaint) {
         this.paintTerritory(neighbor, true); //this is a misuse of the _Border parameter, making it a maybe stale border
       }
+      FrameProfiler.end(
+        "TerritoryLayer:renderTerritory.neighborPaint",
+        neighborSpan,
+      );
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryRenderers.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryRenderers.ts
index 99276b3a4..5626d3059 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryRenderers.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryRenderers.ts
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ export class CanvasTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
       } else {
         this.clearTile(tile);
       }
-      FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:paintTerritory.cpu", cpuStart);
+      FrameProfiler.end("CanvasTerritoryRenderer:paintTile", cpuStart);
       return;
     }
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ export class CanvasTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
         150,
       );
     }
-    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:paintTerritory.cpu", cpuStart);
+    FrameProfiler.end("CanvasTerritoryRenderer:paintTile", cpuStart);
   }
 
   render(
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ export class CanvasTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
         width,
         height,
       );
-      FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:putImageData", putImageStart);
+      FrameProfiler.end("CanvasTerritoryRenderer:putImageData", putImageStart);
     }
 
     const drawCanvasStart = FrameProfiler.start();
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export class CanvasTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
       this.game.width(),
       this.game.height(),
     );
-    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:drawCanvas", drawCanvasStart);
+    FrameProfiler.end("CanvasTerritoryRenderer:drawCanvas", drawCanvasStart);
   }
 
   setAlternativeView(enabled: boolean): void {
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ export class WebglTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
   ): void {
     const webglRenderStart = FrameProfiler.start();
     this.renderer.render();
-    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryLayer:territoryWebGL.render", webglRenderStart);
+    FrameProfiler.end("WebglTerritoryRenderer:render", webglRenderStart);
 
     const drawCanvasStart = FrameProfiler.start();
     context.drawImage(
@@ -314,10 +314,7 @@ export class WebglTerritoryRenderer implements TerritoryRendererStrategy {
       this.game.width(),
       this.game.height(),
     );
-    FrameProfiler.end(
-      "TerritoryLayer:territoryWebGL.drawImage",
-      drawCanvasStart,
-    );
+    FrameProfiler.end("WebglTerritoryRenderer:drawImage", drawCanvasStart);
   }
 
   setAlternativeView(enabled: boolean): void {
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryWebGLRenderer.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryWebGLRenderer.ts
index 691c6d806..91a967660 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryWebGLRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryWebGLRenderer.ts
@@ -481,10 +481,13 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
     }
     const gl = this.gl;
 
-    const uploadSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
+    const uploadStateSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
     this.uploadStateTexture();
+    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryWebGLRenderer:uploadState", uploadStateSpan);
+
+    const uploadBorderSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
     this.uploadBorderTexture();
-    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryWebGLRenderer:uploadState", uploadSpan);
+    FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryWebGLRenderer:uploadBorder", uploadBorderSpan);
 
     const renderSpan = FrameProfiler.start();
     gl.viewport(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
@@ -524,12 +527,16 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
     FrameProfiler.end("TerritoryWebGLRenderer:draw", renderSpan);
   }
 
-  private uploadStateTexture() {
-    if (!this.gl || !this.stateTexture) return;
+  private uploadStateTexture(): { rows: number; bytes: number } {
+    if (!this.gl || !this.stateTexture) return { rows: 0, bytes: 0 };
     const gl = this.gl;
     gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
     gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.stateTexture);
 
+    const bytesPerPixel = Uint16Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+    let rowsUploaded = 0;
+    let bytesUploaded = 0;
+
     if (this.needsFullUpload) {
       gl.texImage2D(
         gl.TEXTURE_2D,
@@ -544,11 +551,13 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
       );
       this.needsFullUpload = false;
       this.dirtyRows.clear();
-      return;
+      rowsUploaded = this.canvas.height;
+      bytesUploaded = this.canvas.width * this.canvas.height * bytesPerPixel;
+      return { rows: rowsUploaded, bytes: bytesUploaded };
     }
 
     if (this.dirtyRows.size === 0) {
-      return;
+      return { rows: 0, bytes: 0 };
     }
 
     for (const [y, span] of this.dirtyRows) {
@@ -566,16 +575,23 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
         gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT,
         rowSlice,
       );
+      rowsUploaded++;
+      bytesUploaded += width * bytesPerPixel;
     }
     this.dirtyRows.clear();
+    return { rows: rowsUploaded, bytes: bytesUploaded };
   }
 
-  private uploadBorderTexture() {
-    if (!this.gl || !this.borderColorTexture) return;
+  private uploadBorderTexture(): { rows: number; bytes: number } {
+    if (!this.gl || !this.borderColorTexture) return { rows: 0, bytes: 0 };
     const gl = this.gl;
     gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE3);
     gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.borderColorTexture);
 
+    const bytesPerPixel = Uint8Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT * 4; // RGBA8
+    let rowsUploaded = 0;
+    let bytesUploaded = 0;
+
     if (this.borderNeedsFullUpload) {
       gl.texImage2D(
         gl.TEXTURE_2D,
@@ -590,11 +606,13 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
       );
       this.borderNeedsFullUpload = false;
       this.borderDirtyRows.clear();
-      return;
+      rowsUploaded = this.canvas.height;
+      bytesUploaded = this.canvas.width * this.canvas.height * bytesPerPixel;
+      return { rows: rowsUploaded, bytes: bytesUploaded };
     }
 
     if (this.borderDirtyRows.size === 0) {
-      return;
+      return { rows: 0, bytes: 0 };
     }
 
     for (const [y, span] of this.borderDirtyRows) {
@@ -615,8 +633,27 @@ export class TerritoryWebGLRenderer {
         gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
         rowSlice,
       );
+      rowsUploaded++;
+      bytesUploaded += width * bytesPerPixel;
     }
     this.borderDirtyRows.clear();
+    return { rows: rowsUploaded, bytes: bytesUploaded };
+  }
+
+  private labelUpload(
+    base: string,
+    metrics: { rows: number; bytes: number },
+  ): string {
+    if (metrics.rows === 0 || metrics.bytes === 0) {
+      return `${base} (skip)`;
+    }
+    const rowBucket =
+      metrics.rows >= this.canvas.height
+        ? "full"
+        : `${Math.ceil(metrics.rows / 50) * 50}`;
+    const kb = Math.max(1, Math.round(metrics.bytes / 1024));
+    const kbBucket = kb > 1024 ? `${Math.round(kb / 1024)}MB` : `${kb}KB`;
+    return `${base} rows:${rowBucket} bytes:${kbBucket}`;
   }
 
   private uploadPalette() {