diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/RendererStatusPanel.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/RendererStatusPanel.ts
index 63fb077f0..437b56a32 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/RendererStatusPanel.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/RendererStatusPanel.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,31 @@ export class RendererStatusPanel extends LitElement implements Layer {
       border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
     }
 
+    .titleActions {
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      gap: 6px;
+    }
+
+    button {
+      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+      color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
+      padding: 4px 7px;
+      font: inherit;
+      cursor: pointer;
+    }
+
+    button:hover:not(:disabled) {
+      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
+    }
+
+    button:disabled {
+      opacity: 0.45;
+      cursor: default;
+    }
+
     .panel.dragging .title {
       cursor: grabbing;
     }
@@ -204,6 +229,32 @@ export class RendererStatusPanel extends LitElement implements Layer {
     this.preference = this.userSettings.territoryRenderer();
   }
 
+  private rendererSettingsTarget(): "webgl" | "webgpu" | null {
+    if (this.activeRenderer === "webgl" || this.activeRenderer === "webgpu") {
+      return this.activeRenderer;
+    }
+    if (
+      this.activeRenderer === null &&
+      (this.preference === "webgl" || this.preference === "webgpu")
+    ) {
+      return this.preference;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private openRendererSettings(event: Event) {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    const renderer = this.rendererSettingsTarget();
+    if (renderer === "webgl") {
+      this.userSettings.setWebgpuDebug(false);
+      this.userSettings.setWebglDebug(true);
+    } else if (renderer === "webgpu") {
+      this.userSettings.setWebglDebug(false);
+      this.userSettings.setWebgpuDebug(true);
+    }
+  }
+
   private rendererLabel(id: TerritoryRendererId | TerritoryRendererPreference) {
     if (id === "webgpu") return "WebGPU";
     if (id === "webgl") return "WebGL";
@@ -341,6 +392,7 @@ export class RendererStatusPanel extends LitElement implements Layer {
     }
 
     const note = this.statusNote();
+    const canOpenSettings = this.rendererSettingsTarget() !== null;
     return html`
       <div
         class="panel ${this.isDragging ? "dragging" : ""}"
@@ -349,6 +401,16 @@ export class RendererStatusPanel extends LitElement implements Layer {
       >
         <div class="title" @pointerdown=${this.handleDragPointerDown}>
           <span>Renderer</span>
+          <div class="titleActions">
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              ?disabled=${!canOpenSettings}
+              @pointerdown=${this.stopPointerEvent}
+              @click=${this.openRendererSettings}
+            >
+              settings
+            </button>
+          </div>
         </div>
         <div class="body">
           <div class="row">
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/UnitLayer.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/UnitLayer.ts
index 060014ecf..48e227967 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/UnitLayer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/UnitLayer.ts
@@ -60,28 +60,22 @@ const TRANSPORT_SHIP_MASK = [
   ".BTB.",
   "..B..",
 ] as const;
-const TRADE_SHIP_MASK = [
-  "..T..",
-  ".TBT.",
-  "TBBBT",
-  ".TBT.",
-  "..T..",
-] as const;
+const TRADE_SHIP_MASK = ["..T..", ".TBT.", "TBBBT", ".TBT.", "..T.."] as const;
 
-type TransportTrailState = {
+type MotionTrailState = {
   activePlanId: number;
-  epochs: TransportTrailEpoch[];
+  epochs: MotionTrailEpoch[];
   lastOnScreen: boolean;
 };
 
-type TransportTrailEpoch = SegmentTrailPlanView & {
+type MotionTrailEpoch = SegmentTrailPlanView & {
   planId: number;
   targetStep: number;
   drawnStep: number;
   sealed: boolean;
 };
 
-type ActiveTransportTrailPlan = {
+type ActiveMotionTrailPlan = {
   unitId: number;
   unit: UnitView;
   plan: SegmentTrailPlanView & { planId: number };
@@ -134,7 +128,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
 
   private gridMoverUnitIds = new Set<number>();
 
-  private transportShipTrails = new Map<number, TransportTrailState>();
+  private segmentTrails = new Map<number, MotionTrailState>();
   private trailDirty = false;
 
   private moverState = new Map<number, MoverRenderState>();
@@ -201,7 +195,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
   tick() {
     const trailPrune = pruneInactiveTrails(
       this.unitToTrail,
-      this.transportShipTrails,
+      this.segmentTrails,
       (unitId) => {
         const current = this.game.unit(unitId);
         return !!current && current.isActive();
@@ -482,13 +476,13 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     const tickFloat = this.game.ticks() + tickAlpha;
     const viewBounds = this.currentViewBounds();
     const activeMoverIds = new Set<number>();
-    const activeTransportTrailPlans: ActiveTransportTrailPlan[] = [];
+    const activeMotionTrailPlans: ActiveMotionTrailPlan[] = [];
 
     for (const [unitId, plan] of this.game.motionPlans()) {
       const unit = this.game.unit(unitId);
       if (!unit || !unit.isActive()) {
         this.clearMoverState(unitId);
-        if (this.transportShipTrails.delete(unitId)) this.trailDirty = true;
+        if (this.segmentTrails.delete(unitId)) this.trailDirty = true;
         continue;
       }
       activeMoverIds.add(unitId);
@@ -500,8 +494,8 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
         tickFloat,
         viewBounds,
       );
-      if (unit.type() === UnitType.TransportShip) {
-        activeTransportTrailPlans.push({
+      if (this.shouldDrawSegmentTrail(unit)) {
+        activeMotionTrailPlans.push({
           unitId,
           unit,
           plan,
@@ -530,10 +524,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
       viewBounds,
     );
 
-    this.advanceAndDrawTransportTrails(
-      this.game.ticks(),
-      activeTransportTrailPlans,
-    );
+    this.advanceAndDrawSegmentTrails(this.game.ticks(), activeMotionTrailPlans);
     this.rebuildTrailCanvasIfDirty();
 
     context.drawImage(
@@ -960,7 +951,9 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
           continue;
         }
 
-        const candidateRects: MoverSpriteRect[] = [candidateState.lastSpriteRect];
+        const candidateRects: MoverSpriteRect[] = [
+          candidateState.lastSpriteRect,
+        ];
         const candidateSample = this.getConflictSample(
           candidateId,
           tickFloat,
@@ -998,7 +991,13 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
       return null;
     }
 
-    return this.getMoverSample(unitId, unit, plan.planId, tickFloat, sampledCache);
+    return this.getMoverSample(
+      unitId,
+      unit,
+      plan.planId,
+      tickFloat,
+      sampledCache,
+    );
   }
 
   private anyRectsOverlap(
@@ -1227,10 +1226,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
 
   private rectsOverlap(a: MoverSpriteRect, b: MoverSpriteRect): boolean {
     return (
-      a.x < b.x + b.w &&
-      a.x + a.w > b.x &&
-      a.y < b.y + b.h &&
-      a.y + a.h > b.y
+      a.x < b.x + b.w && a.x + a.w > b.x && a.y < b.y + b.h && a.y + a.h > b.y
     );
   }
 
@@ -1304,7 +1300,8 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
 
     while (
       idx > 0 &&
-      zoom < DYNAMIC_MOVER_ZOOM_THRESHOLDS[idx - 1] - DYNAMIC_MOVER_ZOOM_HYSTERESIS
+      zoom <
+        DYNAMIC_MOVER_ZOOM_THRESHOLDS[idx - 1] - DYNAMIC_MOVER_ZOOM_HYSTERESIS
     ) {
       idx--;
     }
@@ -1344,7 +1341,8 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
 
     this.lastDynamicMoverCanvasRescaleMs =
       this.rebuildDynamicMoverCanvas(targetScale);
-    this.totalDynamicMoverCanvasRescaleMs += this.lastDynamicMoverCanvasRescaleMs;
+    this.totalDynamicMoverCanvasRescaleMs +=
+      this.lastDynamicMoverCanvasRescaleMs;
     this.dynamicMoverCanvasRescaleCount++;
     this.dynamicMoverCanvasScale = targetScale;
     this.lastDynamicMoverCanvasScaleChangeAtMs = nowMs;
@@ -1371,8 +1369,14 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     const oldHeight = oldCanvas.height;
 
     this.dynamicMoverCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
-    this.dynamicMoverCanvas.width = Math.max(1, this.game.width() * targetScale);
-    this.dynamicMoverCanvas.height = Math.max(1, this.game.height() * targetScale);
+    this.dynamicMoverCanvas.width = Math.max(
+      1,
+      this.game.width() * targetScale,
+    );
+    this.dynamicMoverCanvas.height = Math.max(
+      1,
+      this.game.height() * targetScale,
+    );
     const dynamicMoverContext = this.dynamicMoverCanvas.getContext("2d");
     if (dynamicMoverContext === null) {
       throw new Error("2d context not supported");
@@ -1681,35 +1685,35 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     this.dynamicMoverContext.clearRect(rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h);
   }
 
-  private advanceAndDrawTransportTrails(
+  private advanceAndDrawSegmentTrails(
     currentTick: number,
-    activePlans: readonly ActiveTransportTrailPlan[],
+    activePlans: readonly ActiveMotionTrailPlan[],
   ): void {
     for (const { unitId, unit, plan, maybeOnScreen } of activePlans) {
-      const state = this.ensureTransportTrailState(unitId, plan, currentTick);
+      const state = this.ensureSegmentTrailState(unitId, plan, currentTick);
       const moverState = this.moverState.get(unitId);
       const onScreen = moverState ? moverState.bucket === "on" : maybeOnScreen;
 
       if (onScreen) {
-        this.drawPendingTransportTrailEpochs(unit, state);
+        this.drawPendingSegmentTrailEpochs(unit, state);
       }
       state.lastOnScreen = onScreen;
     }
   }
 
-  private ensureTransportTrailState(
+  private ensureSegmentTrailState(
     unitId: number,
     plan: SegmentTrailPlanView & { planId: number },
     currentTick: number,
-  ): TransportTrailState {
-    let state = this.transportShipTrails.get(unitId);
+  ): MotionTrailState {
+    let state = this.segmentTrails.get(unitId);
     if (!state) {
       state = {
         activePlanId: plan.planId,
         epochs: [],
         lastOnScreen: false,
       };
-      this.transportShipTrails.set(unitId, state);
+      this.segmentTrails.set(unitId, state);
     }
 
     let activeEpoch = state.epochs[state.epochs.length - 1];
@@ -1726,7 +1730,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
         activeEpoch.sealed = true;
       }
 
-      activeEpoch = this.createTransportTrailEpoch(plan, currentTick);
+      activeEpoch = this.createSegmentTrailEpoch(plan, currentTick);
       state.epochs.push(activeEpoch);
       state.activePlanId = plan.planId;
       return state;
@@ -1741,10 +1745,10 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     return state;
   }
 
-  private createTransportTrailEpoch(
+  private createSegmentTrailEpoch(
     plan: SegmentTrailPlanView & { planId: number },
     currentTick: number,
-  ): TransportTrailEpoch {
+  ): MotionTrailEpoch {
     return {
       planId: plan.planId,
       startTick: plan.startTick,
@@ -1758,9 +1762,9 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     };
   }
 
-  private drawPendingTransportTrailEpochs(
+  private drawPendingSegmentTrailEpochs(
     unit: UnitView,
-    state: TransportTrailState,
+    state: MotionTrailState,
   ): void {
     const ctx = this.trailContext;
     const strokeStyle = this.motionTrailColor(unit);
@@ -1816,7 +1820,7 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
       }
     }
 
-    for (const [unitId, trailState] of this.transportShipTrails) {
+    for (const [unitId, trailState] of this.segmentTrails) {
       const unit = this.game.unit(unitId);
       if (!unit || !unit.isActive()) {
         continue;
@@ -1837,6 +1841,17 @@ export class UnitLayer implements Layer {
     }
   }
 
+  private shouldDrawSegmentTrail(unit: UnitView): boolean {
+    const type = unit.type();
+    return (
+      type === UnitType.TransportShip ||
+      type === UnitType.AtomBomb ||
+      type === UnitType.HydrogenBomb ||
+      type === UnitType.MIRV ||
+      type === UnitType.MIRVWarhead
+    );
+  }
+
   private relationshipForAlternateView(unit: UnitView): Relationship {
     let rel = this.relationship(unit);
     const dstPortId = unit.targetUnitId();
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGLTerritoryBackend.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGLTerritoryBackend.ts
index d714566d6..4259d32b3 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGLTerritoryBackend.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGLTerritoryBackend.ts
@@ -467,10 +467,41 @@ export class WebGLTerritoryBackend implements TerritoryBackend {
     root.style.touchAction = "none";
 
     const title = document.createElement("div");
-    title.textContent = "Territory smoothing";
     title.style.fontWeight = "700";
     title.style.marginBottom = "6px";
     title.style.cursor = "move";
+    title.style.display = "flex";
+    title.style.alignItems = "center";
+    title.style.justifyContent = "space-between";
+    title.style.gap = "10px";
+
+    const titleText = document.createElement("span");
+    titleText.textContent = "Territory smoothing";
+    title.appendChild(titleText);
+
+    const closeButton = document.createElement("button");
+    closeButton.type = "button";
+    closeButton.textContent = "x";
+    closeButton.title = "Close";
+    closeButton.style.width = "22px";
+    closeButton.style.height = "22px";
+    closeButton.style.border = "1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18)";
+    closeButton.style.borderRadius = "5px";
+    closeButton.style.background = "rgba(255,255,255,0.08)";
+    closeButton.style.color = "rgba(255,255,255,0.88)";
+    closeButton.style.font = "12px monospace";
+    closeButton.style.lineHeight = "1";
+    closeButton.style.cursor = "pointer";
+    closeButton.addEventListener("pointerdown", (e) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      e.stopPropagation();
+    });
+    closeButton.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      e.stopPropagation();
+      this.userSettings.setWebglDebug(false);
+    });
+    title.appendChild(closeButton);
     root.appendChild(title);
 
     // Restore last position (if any)
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUDebugOverlay.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUDebugOverlay.ts
index 961cd61ce..97c7120f0 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUDebugOverlay.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUDebugOverlay.ts
@@ -106,6 +106,22 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
       cursor: grabbing;
     }
 
+    .closeButton {
+      width: 22px;
+      height: 22px;
+      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
+      border-radius: 5px;
+      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+      color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
+      font: inherit;
+      line-height: 1;
+      cursor: pointer;
+    }
+
+    .closeButton:hover {
+      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
+    }
+
     .metrics {
       display: grid;
       grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
@@ -228,7 +244,7 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
   }
 
   private selectedShaderId() {
-    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_SHADER_KEY, 0);
+    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_SHADER_KEY, 1);
     return territoryShaderIdFromInt(selected);
   }
 
@@ -241,7 +257,7 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
   }
 
   private selectedTerrainShaderId() {
-    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRAIN_SHADER_KEY, 0);
+    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRAIN_SHADER_KEY, 2);
     return terrainShaderIdFromInt(selected);
   }
 
@@ -266,7 +282,7 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
   }
 
   private selectedPostSmoothingId() {
-    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_POST_SMOOTHING_KEY, 0);
+    const selected = this.userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_POST_SMOOTHING_KEY, 1);
     return territoryPostSmoothingIdFromInt(selected);
   }
 
@@ -403,6 +419,12 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
     event.stopPropagation();
   }
 
+  private closeOverlay(event: Event) {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    this.userSettings.setWebgpuDebug(false);
+  }
+
   private handleDragPointerDown(event: PointerEvent) {
     event.preventDefault();
     event.stopPropagation();
@@ -486,6 +508,15 @@ export class WebGPUDebugOverlay extends LitElement implements Layer {
       >
         <div class="title" @pointerdown=${this.handleDragPointerDown}>
           <div>WebGPU Debug</div>
+          <button
+            class="closeButton"
+            type="button"
+            title="Close"
+            @pointerdown=${this.stopPointerEvent}
+            @click=${this.closeOverlay}
+          >
+            x
+          </button>
         </div>
 
         <div class="metrics">
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUTerritoryBackend.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUTerritoryBackend.ts
index 88d7b48de..9ca781e7f 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUTerritoryBackend.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/WebGPUTerritoryBackend.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ export class WebGPUTerritoryBackend implements TerritoryBackend {
       this.markTile(updatedTiles[i]);
     }
 
+    const updatedTerrainTiles = this.game.recentlyUpdatedTerrainTiles();
+    if (updatedTerrainTiles.length > 0) {
+      this.territoryRenderer?.updateTerrainDataTiles(updatedTerrainTiles);
+    }
+
     // After collecting pending updates and handling palette/theme changes,
     // invoke the renderer's tick() to process compute passes. This ensures
     // compute shaders run at the simulation rate rather than every frame.
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/TerritoryRenderer.ts b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/TerritoryRenderer.ts
index 5e6d0d0bb..d37f84299 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/TerritoryRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/TerritoryRenderer.ts
@@ -470,6 +470,16 @@ export class TerritoryRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  updateTerrainDataTiles(tiles: readonly number[]): void {
+    if (!this.resources || !this.device || tiles.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.resources.uploadTerrainDataTiles(tiles);
+    if (this.terrainComputePass) {
+      this.terrainComputePass.markDirty();
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Immediately execute terrain compute pass (for theme changes).
    * This ensures terrain is recomputed before the next render.
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/core/GroundTruthData.ts b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/core/GroundTruthData.ts
index 00daa40dc..d7aad9a71 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/core/GroundTruthData.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/core/GroundTruthData.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Theme } from "../../../../core/configuration/Config";
 import { UnitType } from "../../../../core/game/Game";
+import type { TileRef } from "../../../../core/game/GameMap";
 import { GameView } from "../../../../core/game/GameView";
 
 /**
@@ -606,6 +607,53 @@ export class GroundTruthData {
     }
   }
 
+  uploadTerrainDataTiles(tiles: readonly TileRef[]): void {
+    if (tiles.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.needsTerrainDataUpload) {
+      this.uploadTerrainData();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const rowBounds = new Map<number, { minX: number; maxX: number }>();
+    for (let i = 0; i < tiles.length; i++) {
+      const tile = tiles[i] >>> 0;
+      if (tile >= this.terrainData.length) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const y = Math.floor(tile / this.mapWidth);
+      if (y < 0 || y >= this.mapHeight) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const x = tile - y * this.mapWidth;
+      const existing = rowBounds.get(y);
+      if (existing) {
+        existing.minX = Math.min(existing.minX, x);
+        existing.maxX = Math.max(existing.maxX, x);
+      } else {
+        rowBounds.set(y, { minX: x, maxX: x });
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const [y, bounds] of rowBounds) {
+      const width = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX + 1;
+      const paddedBytesPerRow = align(width, 256);
+      const row = new Uint8Array(paddedBytesPerRow);
+      const start = y * this.mapWidth + bounds.minX;
+      row.set(this.terrainData.subarray(start, start + width), 0);
+      this.device.queue.writeTexture(
+        {
+          texture: this.terrainDataTexture,
+          origin: { x: bounds.minX, y },
+        },
+        row,
+        { bytesPerRow: paddedBytesPerRow, rowsPerImage: 1 },
+        { width, height: 1, depthOrArrayLayers: 1 },
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   uploadTerrainParams(): void {
     if (!this.needsTerrainParamsUpload) {
       return;
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerrainShaderRegistry.ts b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerrainShaderRegistry.ts
index 9d61cc2cd..1258b4787 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerrainShaderRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerrainShaderRegistry.ts
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ export function terrainShaderIntFromId(id: TerrainShaderId): number {
 export function readTerrainShaderId(userSettings: {
   getInt: (key: string, defaultValue: number) => number;
 }): TerrainShaderId {
-  return terrainShaderIdFromInt(userSettings.getInt(TERRAIN_SHADER_KEY, 0));
+  return terrainShaderIdFromInt(userSettings.getInt(TERRAIN_SHADER_KEY, 2));
 }
 
 export function buildTerrainShaderParams(
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryPostSmoothingRegistry.ts b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryPostSmoothingRegistry.ts
index be5a76a8e..2c8655761 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryPostSmoothingRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryPostSmoothingRegistry.ts
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export function readTerritoryPostSmoothingId(userSettings: {
   getInt: (key: string, defaultValue: number) => number;
 }): TerritoryPostSmoothingId {
   return territoryPostSmoothingIdFromInt(
-    userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_POST_SMOOTHING_KEY, 0),
+    userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_POST_SMOOTHING_KEY, 1),
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryShaderRegistry.ts b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryShaderRegistry.ts
index ee78cdf1c..a32140944 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryShaderRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/webgpu/render/TerritoryShaderRegistry.ts
@@ -189,15 +189,6 @@ export const TERRITORY_SHADERS: TerritoryShaderDefinition[] = [
         max: 1,
         step: 0.01,
       },
-      {
-        kind: "range",
-        key: "settings.webgpu.territory.retro.defendedThreshold",
-        label: "Defended Threshold",
-        defaultValue: 0.01,
-        min: 0.01,
-        max: 1,
-        step: 0.01,
-      },
     ],
   },
 ];
@@ -223,7 +214,7 @@ export function territoryShaderIntFromId(id: TerritoryShaderId): number {
 export function readTerritoryShaderId(userSettings: {
   getInt: (key: string, defaultValue: number) => number;
 }): TerritoryShaderId {
-  return territoryShaderIdFromInt(userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_SHADER_KEY, 0));
+  return territoryShaderIdFromInt(userSettings.getInt(TERRITORY_SHADER_KEY, 1));
 }
 
 export function buildTerritoryShaderParams(
@@ -280,10 +271,7 @@ export function buildTerritoryShaderParams(
       "settings.webgpu.territory.retro.defendedPatternStrength",
       0.5,
     );
-    const defendedThreshold = userSettings.getFloat(
-      "settings.webgpu.territory.retro.defendedThreshold",
-      0.01,
-    );
+    const defendedThreshold = 0.01;
 
     let flags = 0;
     if (colorByRelations) flags |= 1 << 0;
diff --git a/src/core/execution/NukeExecution.ts b/src/core/execution/NukeExecution.ts
index 6e3e779f4..69c904de9 100644
--- a/src/core/execution/NukeExecution.ts
+++ b/src/core/execution/NukeExecution.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   UnitType,
 } from "../game/Game";
 import { TileRef } from "../game/GameMap";
+import type { MotionPlanRecord } from "../game/MotionPlans";
 import { UniversalPathFinding } from "../pathfinding/PathFinder";
 import { ParabolaUniversalPathFinder } from "../pathfinding/PathFinder.Parabola";
 import { PathStatus } from "../pathfinding/types";
@@ -188,6 +189,18 @@ export class NukeExecution implements Execution {
         targetTile: this.dst,
         trajectory: this.getTrajectory(this.dst),
       });
+      const motionPlan: MotionPlanRecord = {
+        kind: "parabola",
+        unitId: this.nuke.id(),
+        planId: 1,
+        startTick: ticks + 1 + this.waitTicks,
+        src: spawn,
+        dst: this.dst,
+        increment: this.speed,
+        distanceBasedHeight: this.nukeType !== UnitType.MIRVWarhead,
+        directionUp: this.rocketDirectionUp,
+      };
+      this.mg.recordMotionPlan(motionPlan);
       if (this.nuke.type() !== UnitType.MIRVWarhead) {
         this.maybeBreakAlliances();
       }
diff --git a/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts b/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
index 8a413e19e..816ba4e3b 100644
--- a/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
@@ -486,6 +486,9 @@ export class GameImpl implements Game {
       case "grid_segments":
         this.planDrivenUnitIds.add(record.unitId);
         break;
+      case "parabola":
+        this.planDrivenUnitIds.add(record.unitId);
+        break;
       case "train":
         this.planDrivenUnitIds.add(record.engineUnitId);
         for (const unitId of record.carUnitIds) {
diff --git a/src/core/game/GameView.ts b/src/core/game/GameView.ts
index 21b494036..98658dfd2 100644
--- a/src/core/game/GameView.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/GameView.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { Colord, colord } from "colord";
 import { base64url } from "jose";
 import { Config } from "../configuration/Config";
 import { ColorPalette } from "../CosmeticSchemas";
+import { UniversalPathFinding } from "../pathfinding/PathFinder";
+import { PathStatus } from "../pathfinding/types";
 import { PatternDecoder } from "../PatternDecoder";
 import { ClientID, GameID, Player, PlayerCosmetics } from "../Schemas";
 import { createRandomName, formatPlayerDisplayName } from "../Util";
@@ -964,7 +966,7 @@ export class GameView implements GameMap {
             }
           }
         } else {
-          while (seg + 1 < segmentCount && idx >= (segCumSteps[seg + 1] >>> 0)) {
+          while (seg + 1 < segmentCount && idx >= segCumSteps[seg + 1] >>> 0) {
             seg++;
           }
         }
@@ -1124,15 +1126,62 @@ export class GameView implements GameMap {
     }
   }
 
+  private setGridSegmentMotionPlan(record: {
+    unitId: number;
+    planId: number;
+    startTick: number;
+    ticksPerStep: number;
+    points: readonly TileRef[] | Uint32Array;
+    segmentSteps: readonly number[] | Uint32Array;
+  }): boolean {
+    if (
+      record.ticksPerStep < 1 ||
+      record.points.length < 1 ||
+      record.segmentSteps.length !== Math.max(0, record.points.length - 1)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const existing = this.unitMotionPlans.get(record.unitId);
+    if (existing && record.planId <= existing.planId) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const points =
+      record.points instanceof Uint32Array
+        ? record.points
+        : Uint32Array.from(record.points);
+    const segmentSteps =
+      record.segmentSteps instanceof Uint32Array
+        ? record.segmentSteps
+        : Uint32Array.from(record.segmentSteps);
+
+    const segCumSteps = new Uint32Array(segmentSteps.length + 1);
+    for (let i = 0; i < segmentSteps.length; i++) {
+      segCumSteps[i + 1] = (segCumSteps[i] + (segmentSteps[i] >>> 0)) >>> 0;
+    }
+
+    this.unitMotionPlans.set(record.unitId, {
+      planId: record.planId,
+      startTick: record.startTick,
+      ticksPerStep: record.ticksPerStep,
+      points,
+      segmentSteps,
+      segCumSteps,
+      lastSegIdx: 0,
+    });
+    this.markMotionPlannedUnitIdsDirty();
+    return true;
+  }
+
   private applyMotionPlanRecords(records: readonly MotionPlanRecord[]): void {
     for (const record of records) {
       switch (record.kind) {
         case "grid_segments": {
-          if (
-            record.ticksPerStep < 1 ||
-            record.points.length < 1 ||
-            record.segmentSteps.length !== Math.max(0, record.points.length - 1)
-          ) {
+          this.setGridSegmentMotionPlan(record);
+          break;
+        }
+        case "parabola": {
+          if (record.increment < 1) {
             break;
           }
           const existing = this.unitMotionPlans.get(record.unitId);
@@ -1140,31 +1189,32 @@ export class GameView implements GameMap {
             break;
           }
 
-          const points =
-            record.points instanceof Uint32Array
-              ? record.points
-              : Uint32Array.from(record.points);
-          const segmentSteps =
-            record.segmentSteps instanceof Uint32Array
-              ? record.segmentSteps
-              : Uint32Array.from(record.segmentSteps);
+          const pf = UniversalPathFinding.Parabola(this._map, {
+            increment: record.increment,
+            distanceBasedHeight: record.distanceBasedHeight,
+            directionUp: record.directionUp,
+          });
 
-          const segCumSteps = new Uint32Array(segmentSteps.length + 1);
-          for (let i = 0; i < segmentSteps.length; i++) {
-            segCumSteps[i + 1] =
-              (segCumSteps[i] + (segmentSteps[i] >>> 0)) >>> 0;
+          const points: TileRef[] = [record.src];
+          for (let i = 0; i < 20000; i++) {
+            const step = pf.next(record.src, record.dst, record.increment);
+            if (step.status === PathStatus.NEXT) {
+              points.push(step.node);
+              continue;
+            }
+            break;
           }
 
-          this.unitMotionPlans.set(record.unitId, {
+          const segmentSteps = new Uint32Array(Math.max(0, points.length - 1));
+          segmentSteps.fill(1);
+          this.setGridSegmentMotionPlan({
+            unitId: record.unitId,
             planId: record.planId,
             startTick: record.startTick,
-            ticksPerStep: record.ticksPerStep,
+            ticksPerStep: 1,
             points,
             segmentSteps,
-            segCumSteps,
-            lastSegIdx: 0,
           });
-          this.markMotionPlannedUnitIdsDirty();
           break;
         }
         case "train": {
diff --git a/src/core/game/MotionPlans.ts b/src/core/game/MotionPlans.ts
index bc6e9a6a1..de9bc59e9 100644
--- a/src/core/game/MotionPlans.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/MotionPlans.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { TileRef } from "./GameMap";
 export enum PackedMotionPlanKind {
   TrainRailPathSet = 2,
   GridPathKeypointSegments = 3,
+  ParabolaSet = 4,
 }
 
 export interface GridKeypointSegmentPlan {
@@ -32,7 +33,22 @@ export interface TrainRailPathPlan {
   path: readonly TileRef[] | Uint32Array;
 }
 
-export type MotionPlanRecord = GridKeypointSegmentPlan | TrainRailPathPlan;
+export interface ParabolaPlan {
+  kind: "parabola";
+  unitId: number;
+  planId: number;
+  startTick: number;
+  src: TileRef;
+  dst: TileRef;
+  increment: number;
+  distanceBasedHeight: boolean;
+  directionUp: boolean;
+}
+
+export type MotionPlanRecord =
+  | GridKeypointSegmentPlan
+  | TrainRailPathPlan
+  | ParabolaPlan;
 
 export function packMotionPlans(
   records: readonly MotionPlanRecord[],
@@ -51,6 +67,10 @@ export function packMotionPlans(
         totalWords += 2 + 7 + carCount + pathLen;
         break;
       }
+      case "parabola": {
+        totalWords += 2 + 7;
+        break;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -115,6 +135,22 @@ export function packMotionPlans(
         }
         break;
       }
+      case "parabola": {
+        const flags =
+          (record.distanceBasedHeight ? 1 : 0) | (record.directionUp ? 2 : 0);
+        const wordCount = 2 + 7;
+
+        out[offset++] = PackedMotionPlanKind.ParabolaSet;
+        out[offset++] = wordCount >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.unitId >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.planId >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.startTick >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.src >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.dst >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = record.increment >>> 0;
+        out[offset++] = flags >>> 0;
+        break;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -219,6 +255,34 @@ export function unpackMotionPlans(packed: Uint32Array): MotionPlanRecord[] {
         });
         break;
       }
+      case PackedMotionPlanKind.ParabolaSet: {
+        if (wordCount !== 2 + 7) {
+          break;
+        }
+        const unitId = packed[offset + 2] >>> 0;
+        const planId = packed[offset + 3] >>> 0;
+        const startTick = packed[offset + 4] >>> 0;
+        const src = packed[offset + 5] as TileRef;
+        const dst = packed[offset + 6] as TileRef;
+        const increment = packed[offset + 7] >>> 0;
+        const flags = packed[offset + 8] >>> 0;
+        if (increment < 1) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        records.push({
+          kind: "parabola",
+          unitId,
+          planId,
+          startTick,
+          src,
+          dst,
+          increment,
+          distanceBasedHeight: (flags & 1) !== 0,
+          directionUp: (flags & 2) !== 0,
+        });
+        break;
+      }
       default:
         // Unknown kind: skip.
         break;
diff --git a/tests/MotionPlansSegments.test.ts b/tests/MotionPlansSegments.test.ts
index 1f6628025..f7fe42af3 100644
--- a/tests/MotionPlansSegments.test.ts
+++ b/tests/MotionPlansSegments.test.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,36 @@ describe("MotionPlans grid_segments", () => {
     expect(Array.from(r.segmentSteps)).toEqual([5, 5]);
   });
 
+  it("packs/unpacks parabola records", () => {
+    const packed = packMotionPlans([
+      {
+        kind: "parabola",
+        unitId: 44,
+        planId: 3,
+        startTick: 99,
+        src: 10,
+        dst: 20,
+        increment: 7,
+        distanceBasedHeight: true,
+        directionUp: false,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    const records = unpackMotionPlans(packed);
+    expect(records).toHaveLength(1);
+    const r = records[0];
+    expect(r.kind).toBe("parabola");
+    if (r.kind !== "parabola") throw new Error("type guard");
+    expect(r.unitId).toBe(44);
+    expect(r.planId).toBe(3);
+    expect(r.startTick).toBe(99);
+    expect(r.src).toBe(10);
+    expect(r.dst).toBe(20);
+    expect(r.increment).toBe(7);
+    expect(r.distanceBasedHeight).toBe(true);
+    expect(r.directionUp).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it("skips unknown kinds using wordCount", () => {
     const gridPacked = packMotionPlans([
       {