diff --git a/src/client/ClientGameRunner.ts b/src/client/ClientGameRunner.ts
index 416cdcadd..fb4d779d6 100644
--- a/src/client/ClientGameRunner.ts
+++ b/src/client/ClientGameRunner.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ export class ClientGameRunner {
         this.renderer.initialize()
         this.input.initialize()
         this.worker.start((gu: GameUpdateViewData) => {
+            const size = gu.packedTileUpdates.length * 4 / 1000
+            console.log(`game update size: ${size}kb`)
             this.gameView.update(gu)
             this.renderer.tick()
         })
diff --git a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
index fc34ed53c..161c22646 100644
--- a/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
+++ b/src/client/graphics/layers/TerritoryLayer.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ export class TerritoryLayer implements Layer {
     }
 
     tick() {
+        this.game.recentlyUpdatedTiles()
+            .forEach(t => this.enqueue(t))
+
+
         if (!this.game.inSpawnPhase()) {
             return
         }
diff --git a/src/core/GameRunner.ts b/src/core/GameRunner.ts
index 6b8b99a78..b5a36a63a 100644
--- a/src/core/GameRunner.ts
+++ b/src/core/GameRunner.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { WinCheckExecution } from "./execution/WinCheckExecution";
 import { Game, MutableGame, MutableTile, PlayerID, Tile, TileEvent } from "./game/Game";
 import { createGame } from "./game/GameImpl";
 import { loadTerrainMap } from "./game/TerrainMapLoader";
-import { GameUpdateViewData, PlayerViewData } from "./GameView";
+import { GameUpdateViewData, packTileData, PlayerViewData } from "./GameView";
 import { GameConfig, Turn } from "./Schemas";
 
 export async function createGameRunner(gameID: string, gameConfig: GameConfig, callBack: (gu: GameUpdateViewData) => void): Promise<GameRunner> {
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ export async function createGameRunner(gameID: string, gameConfig: GameConfig, c
 }
 
 export class GameRunner {
-    private updatedTiles: MutableTile[]
+    private updatedTiles: Set<MutableTile> = new Set()
+    private borderOnlyUpdated: Set<MutableTile> = new Set()
     private tickInterval = null
     private turns: Turn[] = []
     private currTurn = 0
@@ -34,7 +35,14 @@ export class GameRunner {
     }
 
     init() {
-        this.eventBus.on(TileEvent, (e) => { this.updatedTiles.push(e.tile as MutableTile) })
+        this.eventBus.on(TileEvent, (e) => {
+            this.updatedTiles.add(e.tile as MutableTile)
+            if (e.borderOnlyChange) {
+                this.borderOnlyUpdated.add(e.tile as MutableTile)
+            } else {
+                this.updatedTiles.add(e.tile as MutableTile)
+            }
+        })
         this.game.addExecution(...this.execManager.spawnBots(this.game.config().numBots()))
         if (this.game.config().spawnNPCs()) {
             this.game.addExecution(...this.execManager.fakeHumanExecutions())
@@ -55,19 +63,34 @@ export class GameRunner {
             return
         }
         this.isExecuting = true
-        this.updatedTiles = []
+        this.updatedTiles.clear()
+        this.borderOnlyUpdated.clear()
 
 
         this.game.addExecution(...this.execManager.createExecs(this.turns[this.currTurn]))
         this.currTurn++
         this.game.executeNextTick()
 
+
+
+
+        this.updatedTiles.forEach(t => this.borderOnlyUpdated.delete(t))
+        const updatedData = Array.from(this.updatedTiles).map(t => t.toViewData())
+        updatedData.forEach(t => t.borderOnlyChange = false)
+
+        const borderOnlyData = Array.from(this.borderOnlyUpdated).map(t => t.toViewData())
+        borderOnlyData.forEach(t => t.borderOnlyChange = true)
+
+        updatedData.concat(borderOnlyData)
+
+
+
         this.callBack({
             tick: this.game.ticks(),
             units: this.game.units().map(u => u.toViewData()),
-            tileUpdates: this.updatedTiles.map(t => t.toViewData()),
+            packedTileUpdates: updatedData.map(d => packTileData(d)),
             players: Object.fromEntries(
-                this.game.players().map(p => [p.id(), p.toViewData()])
+                this.game.allPlayers().map(p => [p.id(), p.toViewData()])
             ) as Record<PlayerID, PlayerViewData>
         })
 
diff --git a/src/core/GameView.ts b/src/core/GameView.ts
index 9d8357b19..90e0036a8 100644
--- a/src/core/GameView.ts
+++ b/src/core/GameView.ts
@@ -15,15 +15,16 @@ export interface ViewData<T> {
 export interface TileViewData extends ViewData<TileViewData> {
     x: number
     y: number
-    owner: PlayerID,
+    smallID: number,
     hasFallout: boolean
     hasDefenseBonus: boolean
     isBorder: boolean
+    borderOnlyChange: boolean
 }
 
 export class TileView {
 
-    constructor(private game: GameView, private data: TileViewData, private _terrain: TerrainTile) { }
+    constructor(private game: GameView, public data: TileViewData, private _terrain: TerrainTile) { }
 
     type(): TerrainType {
         return this._terrain.type()
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ export class TileView {
         if (!this.hasOwner()) {
             return new TerraNulliusImpl()
         }
-        return this.game.player(this.data?.owner)
+        return this.game.playerBySmallID(this.data?.smallID)
     }
     hasOwner(): boolean {
-        return this.data?.owner != undefined
+        return this.data?.smallID !== undefined && this.data.smallID !== 0;
     }
     isBorder(): boolean {
         return this.data?.isBorder
@@ -50,16 +51,15 @@ export class TileView {
         return this._terrain
     }
 
-    neighbors(): TileView[] {
-        throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
+    neighbors(): Tile[] {
+        return this._terrain.neighbors().map(t => this.game.tile(t.cell()))
     }
 
-
     hasDefenseBonus(): boolean {
-        throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
+        return this.data?.hasDefenseBonus ?? false
     }
     cost(): number {
-        throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
+        return this._terrain.cost()
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ export interface PlayerViewData extends ViewData<PlayerViewData> {
     name: string,
     displayName: string,
     id: PlayerID,
+    smallID: number,
     type: PlayerType,
     isAlive: boolean,
     tilesOwned: number,
@@ -117,6 +118,9 @@ export interface PlayerViewData extends ViewData<PlayerViewData> {
 
 export class PlayerView implements Player {
     constructor(private game: GameView, private data: PlayerViewData) { }
+    smallID(): number {
+        return this.data.smallID
+    }
     lastTileChange(): Tick {
         return 0
     }
@@ -221,7 +225,7 @@ export class PlayerView implements Player {
         return false
     }
     info(): PlayerInfo {
-        return null
+        return new PlayerInfo(this.name(), this.type(), this.clientID(), this.id())
     }
 }
 
@@ -229,32 +233,47 @@ export interface GameUpdateViewData extends ViewData<GameUpdateViewData> {
     tick: number
     units: UnitViewData[]
     players: Record<PlayerID, PlayerViewData>
-    tileUpdates: TileViewData[]
+    tileUpdates?: TileViewData[]
+    packedTileUpdates: Uint16Array[]
 }
 
 export class GameView {
     private data: GameUpdateViewData
-    private tiles: TileViewData[][] = []
+    private tiles: TileView[][] = []
+    private smallIDToID = new Map<number, PlayerID>()
 
     constructor(private _config: Config, private _terrainMap: TerrainMap) {
+        // Initialize the 2D array
         this.tiles = Array(_terrainMap.width()).fill(null).map(() => Array(_terrainMap.height()).fill(null));
+
+        // Fill the array with new TileView objects
+        for (let x = 0; x < _terrainMap.width(); x++) {
+            for (let y = 0; y < _terrainMap.height(); y++) {
+                this.tiles[x][y] = new TileView(this, null, _terrainMap.terrain(new Cell(x, y)));
+            }
+        }
         this.data = {
             tick: 0,
             units: [],
             tileUpdates: [],
+            packedTileUpdates: [],
             players: {}
         }
     }
 
     public update(gu: GameUpdateViewData) {
         this.data = gu
+        this.data.tileUpdates = this.data.packedTileUpdates.map(tu => unpackTileData(tu))
+        Object.entries(gu.players).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+            this.smallIDToID.set(value.smallID, key);
+        });
         gu.tileUpdates.forEach(tu => {
-            this.tiles[tu.x][tu.y] = tu
+            this.tiles[tu.x][tu.y].data = tu
         })
     }
 
     recentlyUpdatedTiles(): TileView[] {
-        return this.data.tileUpdates.map(tu => new TileView(this, tu, this._terrainMap.terrain(new Cell(tu.x, tu.y))))
+        return this.data.tileUpdates.filter(d => true).map(tu => new TileView(this, tu, this._terrainMap.terrain(new Cell(tu.x, tu.y))))
     }
 
     player(id: PlayerID): Player {
@@ -263,6 +282,14 @@ export class GameView {
         }
         throw Error(`player id ${id} not found`)
     }
+
+    playerBySmallID(id: number): Player {
+        if (!this.smallIDToID.has(id)) {
+            throw new Error(`small id ${id} not found`)
+        }
+        return this.player(this.smallIDToID.get(id))
+    }
+
     playerByClientID(id: ClientID): Player | null {
         return null
     }
@@ -273,7 +300,7 @@ export class GameView {
         return []
     }
     tile(cell: Cell): Tile {
-        return new TileView(this, this.tiles[cell.x][cell.y], this._terrainMap.terrain(cell))
+        return this.tiles[cell.x][cell.y]
     }
     isOnMap(cell: Cell): boolean {
         return this._terrainMap.isOnMap(cell)
@@ -312,4 +339,31 @@ export class GameView {
     terrainMap(): TerrainMap {
         return this._terrainMap
     }
+}
+
+export function packTileData(tile: TileViewData): Uint16Array {
+    const packed = new Uint16Array(4);
+    packed[0] = tile.x;
+    packed[1] = tile.y;
+    packed[2] = tile.smallID;
+
+    // Pack booleans into bits
+    packed[3] = (tile.hasFallout ? 1 : 0) |
+        (tile.hasDefenseBonus ? 2 : 0) |
+        (tile.isBorder ? 4 : 0) |
+        (tile.borderOnlyChange ? 8 : 0)
+
+    return packed;
+}
+
+export function unpackTileData(packed: Uint16Array): TileViewData {
+    return {
+        x: packed[0],
+        y: packed[1],
+        smallID: packed[2],
+        hasFallout: !!(packed[3] & 1),
+        hasDefenseBonus: !!(packed[3] & 2),
+        isBorder: !!(packed[3] & 4),
+        borderOnlyChange: !!(packed[4] & 8)
+    };
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/core/game/Game.ts b/src/core/game/Game.ts
index c3806e19f..6f7e53783 100644
--- a/src/core/game/Game.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/Game.ts
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ export interface TerraNullius {
 }
 
 export interface Player {
+    smallID(): number
     info(): PlayerInfo
     name(): string
     displayName(): string
@@ -347,6 +348,7 @@ export interface MutableGame extends Game {
     player(id: PlayerID): MutablePlayer
     playerByClientID(id: ClientID): MutablePlayer | null
     players(): MutablePlayer[]
+    allPlayers(): MutablePlayer[]
     addPlayer(playerInfo: PlayerInfo, manpower: number): MutablePlayer
     executions(): Execution[]
     units(...types: UnitType[]): MutableUnit[]
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@ export interface MutableGame extends Game {
 }
 
 export class TileEvent implements GameEvent {
-    constructor(public readonly tile: Tile) { }
+    constructor(public readonly tile: Tile, public readonly borderOnlyChange: boolean = false) { }
 }
 
 export class PlayerEvent implements GameEvent {
diff --git a/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts b/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
index 7ecaaa2ee..b485c36e9 100644
--- a/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/GameImpl.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ export class GameImpl implements MutableGame {
     allianceRequests: AllianceRequestImpl[] = []
     alliances_: AllianceImpl[] = []
 
+    private nextID = 1
+
 
     constructor(
         private _terrainMap: TerrainMapImpl,
@@ -211,6 +213,10 @@ export class GameImpl implements MutableGame {
         return Array.from(this._players.values()).filter(p => p.isAlive())
     }
 
+    allPlayers(): MutablePlayer[] {
+        return Array.from(this._players.values())
+    }
+
     executions(): Execution[] {
         return [...this.execs, ...this.unInitExecs]
     }
@@ -245,7 +251,8 @@ export class GameImpl implements MutableGame {
     }
 
     addPlayer(playerInfo: PlayerInfo, manpower: number): MutablePlayer {
-        let player = new PlayerImpl(this, playerInfo, manpower)
+        let player = new PlayerImpl(this, this.nextID, playerInfo, manpower)
+        this.nextID++
         this._players.set(playerInfo.id, player)
         this.eventBus.emit(new PlayerEvent(player))
         return player
@@ -365,6 +372,7 @@ export class GameImpl implements MutableGame {
         tile.neighbors().forEach(t => tiles.push(t as TileImpl))
 
         for (const t of tiles) {
+            this.eventBus.emit(new TileEvent(t, true))
             if (!t.hasOwner()) {
                 t._isBorder = false
                 continue
diff --git a/src/core/game/PlayerImpl.ts b/src/core/game/PlayerImpl.ts
index 46549c782..11edd1445 100644
--- a/src/core/game/PlayerImpl.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/PlayerImpl.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ export class PlayerImpl implements MutablePlayer {
 
     private relations = new Map<Player, number>()
 
-    constructor(private gs: GameImpl, private readonly playerInfo: PlayerInfo, startPopulation: number) {
+
+    constructor(private gs: GameImpl, private _smallID: number, private readonly playerInfo: PlayerInfo, startPopulation: number) {
         this._name = playerInfo.name;
         this._targetTroopRatio = 1
         this._troops = startPopulation * this._targetTroopRatio;
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ export class PlayerImpl implements MutablePlayer {
             name: this.name(),
             displayName: this.displayName(),
             id: this.id(),
+            smallID: this.smallID(),
             type: this.type(),
             isAlive: this.isAlive(),
             tilesOwned: this.numTilesOwned(),
@@ -73,6 +75,10 @@ export class PlayerImpl implements MutablePlayer {
         }
     }
 
+    smallID(): number {
+        return this._smallID
+    }
+
     name(): string {
         return this._name;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/game/TileImpl.ts b/src/core/game/TileImpl.ts
index e883703d2..70a1322bd 100644
--- a/src/core/game/TileImpl.ts
+++ b/src/core/game/TileImpl.ts
@@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ export class TileImpl implements MutableTile {
         return {
             x: this._cell.x,
             y: this._cell.y,
-            owner: this._owner?.id(),
+            smallID: this._owner.isPlayer() ? this._owner.smallID() : 0,
             hasFallout: this._hasFallout,
             hasDefenseBonus: this.hasDefenseBonus(),
-            isBorder: this.isBorder()
+            isBorder: this.isBorder(),
+            borderOnlyChange: false,
         }
     }